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HMS Cressy (1899)
HMS ''Cressy'' was a armoured cruiser built for the Royal Navy around 1900. Upon completion she was assigned to the China Station. In 1907 she was transferred to the North America and West Indies Station before being placed in reserve in 1909. Recommissioned at the start of World War I, she played a minor role in the Battle of Heligoland Bight a few weeks after the beginning of the war. ''Cressy'', together with two of her sister ships, was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine ''U-9'' on 22 September 1914 with the loss of 560 of her crew.
==Design and description==
''Cressy'' was designed to displace . The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a deep draught of .〔Friedman 2012, pp. 335–36〕 She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of and gave a maximum speed of . The engines were powered by 30 Belleville boilers. On her sea trials, ''Cressy'' only reached , the slowest performance of any of her class.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 69〕 She carried a maximum of of coal and her complement ranged from 725〔Friedman 2012, p. 336〕 to 760 officers and enlisted men.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 68〕
Her main armament consisted of two breech-loading (BL) in single gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.〔 They fired shells to a range of .〔Friedman 2011, pp. 71–72〕 Her secondary armament of twelve BL 6-inch Mk VII guns was arranged in casemates amidships. Eight of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.〔Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 260–61〕 They had a maximum range of approximately with their shells.〔Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81〕 A dozen quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 12-cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats, eight on casemates on the upper deck and four in the superstructure.〔Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 336〕 The ship also carried three 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged torpedo tubes.〔
The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while the casemate armour was 5 inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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